#Taurine source trial#
Shao and Hathcock 12) performed observed safe level (OSL) risk assessments for taurine based on the available published human clinical trial data. However, a tolerable upper intake level (UL) could not be derived from the available NOAELs (no observed adverse effects levels) by the European Scientific Committee on Food 10) or the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Food Additive and Nutrient Sources added to food 11) because the studies did not investigate all the relevant toxicological endpoints (e.g.
Taurine is not genotoxic, teratogenic or carcinogenic 9). In addition, taurine is extremely effective in the treatment of the mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes and offers a new approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis 8). Today, taurine has been approved for the treatment of congestive heart failure in Japan and shows promise in the treatment of several other diseases 7). The discovery that taurine is an effective therapy against congestive heart failure led to the study of taurine as a therapeutic agent against other disease conditions 6). Antiarrythmic agent and cardiac effects.Parkinsonism developed later, and respiratory failure occurred terminally.įunctions and possible roles for taurine 5) : Sleep disturbances, exhaustion and marked weight loss were features. The earliest and most prominent symptom was mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. Perry syndrome symptoms began late in the fifth decade in 6 affected persons and death occurred after 4 to 6 years. Inborn errors of taurine metabolism called Perry syndrome, is an unusual neuropsychiatric disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion through 3 generations of a family 4). Deficiency of taurine occurs in premature infants and neonates fed formula milk, and in various disease states. Because human infants have low de novo taurine synthesis activity, dietary taurine is essential for normal human development 3). And, in one study, people with congestive heart failure who took taurine supplements three times a day for two weeks showed improvement in their exercise capacity.Īdult human not only take up taurine from the diet but also synthesize it de novo from cysteine when vitamin B6 is present. While research is mixed, some studies suggest that taurine supplementation might improve athletic performance. Taurine is abundant in the brain, heart, breast, gallbladder and kidney and has important roles in health and disease in these organs. Taurine has many diverse biological functions serving as a neurotransmitter in the brain, a stabilizer of cell membranes and a facilitator in the transport of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Taurine is found naturally in animal and fish protein, dairy products and human milk, which are good sources of dietary taurine and it’s also available as a dietary supplement. Taurine unlike other amino acid is not incorporated into into the structural building blocks of protein 2). Taurine also called 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid or beta–amino acid, is found in very high concentration in most cells, with levels particularly high in excitable tissues 1). Role of taurine in inflammatory diseases.Effect of taurine on the cardiovascular system.Fragile X Syndrome and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease.Effect of taurine on the central nervous system.Regulation of quality control processes.Taurine as an inhibitory neuromodulator.
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